Wpływ składników diety oraz aktywności fizycznej na stan kośćca osób starszych

Abstract

With aging, osteoporosis is an important issue that should be addressed and educated on how to prevent it. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease in which bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced. In order to prevent osteoporosis it is necessary to supply a properly balanced diet - calcium, vitamin D, K, protein, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and daily physical activity. Physical activity in childhood is an important factor for maintaining bone mass in the old age. According to WHO, people over the age of 65 should exercise 150 minutes of aerobic training or 75 minutes of intense physical activity. People with osteoporosis have been shown to have calcium supplements (1200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800 IU/day) to prevent fractures of the femoral neck and maintain adequate bone mineral density. However, you should control the intake of phosphorus, which may cause calcium excretion along with urine, which adversely affects the state of the skeleton. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be 1: 1. Properly balanced diet is able to cover the need for key ingredients that help prevent osteoporosis, i.e. vitamin K and omega-3 fatty acids. At the moment when it comes to osteoporosis, the nurse's task is to relieve the patient's pain and control the correct course of the patient's rehabilitation.