The prognostic impact of BMI in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer: a study of the SONABRE registry

Abstract

Purpose: This study determines the prognostic impact of body mass index (BMI) in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced (i.e., metastatic) breast cancer (ABC). Methods: All patients with HR+/HER2− ABC who received endocrine therapy +—a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor as first-given systemic therapy in 2007–2020 in the Netherlands were identified from the Southeast Netherlands Advanced Breast Cancer (SONABRE) registry (NCT03577197). Patients were categorised as underweight (BMI: < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between BMI classes using multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results: This study included 1456 patients, of whom 35 (2%) were underweight, 580 (40%) normal weight, 479 (33%) overweight, and 362 (25%) obese. No differences in OS were observed between normal weight patients and respectively overweight (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.85–1.16; p = 0.93) and obese patients (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.88–1.24; p = 0.62). However, the OS of underweight patients (HR 1.45; 95% CI 0.97–2.15; p = 0.07) tended to be worse than the OS of normal weight patients. When compared with normal weight patients, the PFS was similar in underweight (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.73–1.51; p = 0.81), overweight (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.79–1.03; p = 0.14), and obese patients (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.76–1.02; p = 0.10). Conclusion: In this study among 1456 patients with HR+/HER2− ABC, overweight and obesity were prevalent, whereas underweight was uncommon. When compared with normal weight, overweight and obesity were not associated with either OS or PFS. However, underweight seemed to be an adverse prognostic factor for OS.