Stakeholder networks for environmental governance in the Gualí Tres Esquinas-Lagunas del Funzhé wetlands

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to analyze the complex web of stakeholder networks in the Gualí Tres Esquinas and Lagunas del Funzhé wetlands, focusing on the study of stakeholder relationships and connections, their interdependence and the structural characteristics of cooperation between actors and how these relationships affect decision-making and environmental governance. The methodology used is based on the Governance Analytical Framework (MAG) and Social Network Analysis from a social-ecological approach (SENT). This approach combines principles of social networks and ecology to understand the interactions between social and ecological systems. Social network analysis allows the identification of key actors, their relationships and how these influence decision making and the sustainability of the wetland. The results of the study highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the active participation of local and national governments, communities, NGOs and experts. It is evident that the effectiveness of governance depends on the interaction and reduction of uncertainty among stakeholders through robust and well-structured social networks. The conclusions underline that effective wetland governance requires adaptive co-management that considers organizational, productive, cultural and climatic aspects. The research highlights the need to strengthen social networks and cooperation among stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability and conservation of the wetland.