The Role of Kinematic and Electromyographic Analysis of the Elbow in Arm Wrestlers

Abstract

Background. Arm wrestling is a complex strength sport requiring detailed biomechanical analysis. This study investigated elbow functionality in medial epicondylitis using kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) approach. Methods. Hook technique specialists underwent a 10-session rehabilitation program (manual therapy and high-power laser). Outcomes were assessed via the NRS and QuickDASH. Functional analysis utilized surface EMG (Biceps Brachii, Pronator Teres, Brachioradialis, Extensor muscle) and an inertial sensor measuring Mean Jerk (MJ) for movement fluidity. Results. Data analysis for the eleven male athletes (mean age: 22.4 years) revealed substantial improvements following the intervention. NRS decreased from 5.1 to 1.5, and QuickDASH dropped from 25.2 ± 5.3 to 5.5 ± 1.0, while mean jerk remained stable (3.37 to 3.22). Pronator Teres activation markedly increased in the concentric phase (30.14 µV to 127.3 µV), indicating better coordination. Biceps Brachii (BB): Assumed a more pronounced concentric role, likely a compensatory adaptation after pain reduction; and lastly, Common Finger Extensor increased activation suggested increased extensor loading during the push phase. Conclusions. The combined kinematic and EMG data were crucial for identifying underlying musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The findings support an integrated approach for elbow health in arm wrestlers, providing objective data for targeted rehabilitation and prevention programs focusing on both pain and neuromuscular coordination.