Performance of a disk array prototype

Abstract

The RAID group at U.C. Berkeley recently built a prototype disk array. This paper examines the performance limits of each component of the array usiug SCSI bus traces, Sprite operating system traces and user programs. The array performs successfully for a workload of small, random I/O operations, achieving 275 I/Os per second on 14 disks before the Sun4/280 host becomes CPU-limited. The prototype is less successful in delivering high throughput for large, sequential operations. Memory system contention on the Suu4/280 host limits throughput to 2.3 MBytes/see under the Sprite Operating System. Throughput is also limited by the bandwidth supported by the VME backplane, disk controller and disks, and overheads associated with the SCSI protocol. We conclude that merely using a powerful host CPU and many disks will not provide the full bandwidth possible from disk arrays. Host memory bandwidth and throughput of disk controllers are equally import ant. In addition, operating systems should avoid unnecessary copy and cache flush operations that can saturate the host memory system.