Rehabilitative management for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients

Abstract

Aspiration pneumonia is a common disease that frequently occurs in elderly patients. Most patients with aspiration pneumonia have swallowing disability and develop hospital-acquired disability. Frequently, patients have difficulty returning home, and they often require long-term hospitalization. Recently, the effectiveness of rehabilitative management including physical, pulmonary, and dysphagia rehabilitation for aspiration pneumonia was reported. Several studies showed that early rehabilitation was associated with reduced mortality and early hospital discharge after aspiration pneumonia. Unnecessary “nil by mouth” directives associated with aspiration pneumonia at hospital admission resulted in adverse effects, including decline in swallowing ability and prolonged treatment duration. Rehabilitative management combined with appropriate nutrition is recommended to improve clinical outcomes, including physical and swallowing function in geriatric patients with aspiration pneumonia.