Influence of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake (Japan) six months later ; its psychological changes and coping

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine the psychological states of the victims of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (January 17, 1995) six months after. Assessment was made using a questionnaire consisting of PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) items from DSM-IV, items on emotional and behavioral coping and those on life stance and disaster consciousness. The results were as follows : (a) "Loss of houses" and "fear of death" had a great psychological impact. (b) "Attachment to family members" and "cognitive control" were exercised very frequently as psycholog-ical means to cope with and overcome post-traumatic states. "Talking-through" was also used very frequently and would be effective as behavioral means. (c) A large number of people accepted the earthquake as "a natural phenomenon", (d) As to changes of life stance three factors emerged, i.e., an awareness of importance of maintaining usual life, a sense of helplessness and a pleasure-oriented attitude.