Present and Future of Monovalent All-organic Batteries

Abstract

Due to the growing demand on sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage systems, all-organic batteries (AOBs) are attracting wide attention as promising alternatives to traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This review comprehensively covers the latest advances in organic materials and technologies in monovalent AOBs based on lithium, sodium, and potassium ions. It explores the numerous benefits of organic electrode materials, addresses several limits including energy density, cycle life, and technological maturity, and presents diverse techniques, such as organic molecule design, polymerization, and symmetrical batteries to mitigate these challenges. Furthermore, this review also investigates the potential of proprietary sodium- and potassium-ion AOBs, which are both resource-abundant and cost-effective, as energy storage systems alongside LIBs. It aims to provide comprehensive guidelines for future AOBs research, with a particular focus on achieving high performance, improving sustainability, and facilitating commercialization.