Factores de riesgo asociados a exanguinotransfusión por ictericia neonatal en un hospital universitario: Estudio de casos y controles

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a frequent pathology, which can have different degrees. Currently, the factors associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia are known, but not for the performance of exchange transfusion. Objective: To identify factors associated with exchange transfusion in jaundiced neonates, in Bogotá, Colombia. Material and methods: Retrospective case-control study. The cases were neonates who required exchange transfusion and the controls were icteric neonates without this procedure. Both groups were matched by sex, gestational age, birth weight, and type of blood incompatibility. Between both groups, demographic and clinical characteristics were compared. Risk factors were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: Fifty cases and 198 controls were included. The exchange transfusion rate was 85 per 100,000 newborns. The variables associated to exchange transfusion were: supplementary feeding (OR 5.66 [95% CI; 1.25-25.67]), lower hematocrit levels (OR 0.88 [95% CI; 0.83-0.93]) and sepsis (OR 4.04 [IC 95 %; 1.21-13.5]). Conclusion: In this population, there was a high frequency of exchange transfusions. Our findings can help to identify, in a timely manner, infants at higher risk.