Performance evaluation of a Loeb-Eiber mass filter at 1 Torr

Abstract

The Loeb-Eiber mass filter is best operated at relatively high pressures - such as 1 Torr - where collisional dampening of ions up to the mass filter thermalizes the ions' kinetic energy, which is a requirement for effective filtering. The inter-electrode gaps of ∼8 μm require rf amplitudes on the order of 0-5 Vp-p at approximately 50 MHz to achieve mass filtering up to m/z 40. Mass filtering between the 25-μm diameter wires, therefore, takes place on time frames less than the collision frequency at ∼1 Torr. The low power and high pressure capabilities of the Loeb-Eiber mass filter make it ideally suited for miniaturization, where power and space are a premium. In the present work, a Loeb-Eiber mass filter was constructed using commercial silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microfabrication techniques. Ions transmitting through the chip-based Loeb-Eiber mass filter were characterized in real time using a traditional linear quadrupole mass analyzer in series with the Loeb-Eiber mass filter. The new hybrid instrument has enabled us to verify several important claims regarding the operation of the Loeb-Eiber mass filter: (1) that ions can be effectively filtered at ∼1 Torr, (2) that for ions of a fixed mass-to-charge ratio, the ion transmission current decreases linearly with increasing rf amplitude on the Loeb-Eiber mass filter, (3) that the cutoff voltage at which all ions of a particular m/z value are effectively blocked is linearly related to mass-to-charge, and (4) that square waveforms can filter ions more effectively than sinusoidal waveforms for a given peak-to-peak rf amplitude.