Increased density and age-related sharing of synapses at the cone to OFF bipolar cell synapse in the mouse retina

Abstract

Neural circuits in the adult nervous system are characterized by stable, cell type-specific patterns of synaptic connectivity. In many parts of the nervous system these patterns are established during development through initial over-innervation by multiple pre- or postsynaptic targets, followed by a process of refinement that takes place during development and is in many instances activity dependent. Here we report on an identified synapse in the mouse retina, the cone photoreceptor➔type 4 bipolar cell (BC4) synapse, and show that its development is distinctly different from the common motif of over-innervation followed by refinement. Indeed, the majority of cones are contacted by single BC4 throughout development, but are contacted by multiple BC4s through ongoing dendritic elaboration between 1 and 6 months of age—well into maturity. We demonstrate that cell density drives contact patterns downstream of single cones in Bax null mice and may serve to maintain constancy in both the dendritic and axonal projective field.