A Preliminary Usability Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based, Motion-Detecting Wearable Device: The Geriatric Functional Assessment System

Abstract

Background: Physical function is a key determinant of independence among older adults. Yet, there are barriers to assessing physical function in clinic. We developed a wearable geriatric functional assessment system (GFAS) that quickly and effortlessly evaluates physical function. Methods: A single-arm, nonrandomized, mixed-methods, usability study evaluated the design, ergonomics, and usability of the GFAS. Participants aged >65 years with multiple chronic conditions were recruited and wore the GFAS about the clinic for 15 min. We assessed walking speed, 30-s sit-to-stand, and evaluated postural balance using a Footscan pressure plate system. In addition to transcribed exit-interviews and a Willingness to Pay questionnaire, the USE, Technology Acceptance, and System Usability Scales were evaluated. Results: Of the 37 participants screened, 21 were recruited, enrolled, and consented, whose mean age was 76.6 ± 5.45 years (52.4% female), with 28.6% non-White, 19% were on Medicaid, and 52.4% were classified as having a robust Fried frailty status. Participants favored the prototype and its existing functionality (7.14 ± 2.35) and would wear it if recommended by their clinician (7.62 ± 2.50, median 8.0). All felt it was easy to use, 74% of comments outlined they would use it again, and 81% noted it was comfortable. System Usability score was 78.2 ± 14.5, USE was 5.83 ± 3.59, and Technology Acceptance demonstrated satisfaction of 7.05 ± 2.18 in using the device. Conclusions: The GFAS prototype shows considerable promise in evaluating physical function in older adults and that additional steps are needed to maximize usability.