Two-stage window screening and development trajectories in early identification of autism spectrum disorder among Han Chinese children

Abstract

Objective: An understanding of the trajectory and norm of development in children is needed in order to understand the concept of the spectrum in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children’s developmental growth trajectory was measured from six to 66 months in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study dataset (N = 11,145). Additionally, over 4 years of follow-up, the negative predictive value of using the Parental Concern Checklist and Taiwan Birth Cohort Study Developmental Instrument was also investigated as the first stage of screening in a two-stage window screening method for ASD diagnosis. Results: The growth trajectory showed that children’s language development began to increase at 18 months, and peaked at 36 months. On the other hand, social development showed steady growth from 18 to 66 months. The increase in the trajectory of children’s language development prior to age three, when compared with other developmental dimensions, may increase the difficulty of diagnosing ASD. The two-stage window screening method can be used in settings where the screening sample is large, such as in community or primary care settings, and has been found to be time- and cost-efficient. Better understanding of children’s developmental trajectory can enhance detection and intervention for ASD.