Nutritional interventions for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm) is an alteration of carbohydrate metabolism, of variable severity, that is initiated or is recognized for the first time during gestation. Its frequency has doubled in the last decade, in women with easily identifiable risk factors. Nutrition therapy is an integral part of the management of gdm. Most women are treated only for nutritional management. The low carbohydrate diet is the most used. Material and methods: We searched original articles using pubmed, sci-hub and academic groups, mainly articles of clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of different types of diet applied to women with gestational diabetes and their impact on glucose. Results: Better glucose levels were obtained in the high diets in complex carbohydrates, unsaturated lipids and the use of soy protein, being these a better option for glicemic control and to avoid repercussions in the nutritional state of the mother and baby. Conclusion: Nutritional therapy based on quantity control and carbohydrate distribution is the initial treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus, but there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing different dietary interventions modified in macronutrient percentages of total caloric value. Demonstrating the role they play in addition, Lipids and Proteins.