Adsorption of a Chiral Amine on Alginate Gel Beads and Evaluation of its Efficiency as Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalyst

Abstract

A representative Lewis base organic catalyst (9-amino-9-deoxy epi-quinine, QNA) can be adsorbed in high yields onto acidic alginate gels (AGs) using a very simple and straightforward protocol. The resulting solvogel beads (QNA@AGs) are active as heterogeneous catalysts in the addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes, affording the corresponding adducts in good yields and moderate to excellent diastereo- and enantio-selectivities. In these reactions, the carboxylic functions of the biopolymer act as both acidic co-catalyst and non-covalent anchoring site for the tertiary amine catalyst (as observed by IR spectroscopy). Use of heterocationic gels, derived from alkaline earth metal gels by proton exchange, provided materials with better mechanical properties and higher porosities, ultimately resulting in higher catalytic activities. This work represents the first utilization of alginates, abundant and renewable biopolymers, as gel supports/media for asymmetric organocatalytic processes.