Kontribusi Pendapatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu pada Usaha Hutan Rakyat Pola Agroforestri di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya

Abstract

Hutan rakyat tidak hanya menghasilkan kayu akan tetapi juga memberikan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK), malah pada beberapa tempat HHBK ini menjadi primadona. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data mengenai jumlah kontribusi pendapatan HHBK di hutan rakyat serta permasalahan dan keunggulan pengembangan HHBK. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Karyabakti Kecamatan Parungponteng Tasikmalaya, pada bulan Juni-Desember 2013. Obyek kajian adalah petani hutan rakyat yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling berdasarkan luas kepemilikan lahan hutan rakyat sebanyak 30 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalis secara statistik dan disajikan secara diskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata responden memiliki lahan seluas 0,374 ha dan paling luas diperuntukkan untuk usaha hutan rakyat yaitu 0,246 ha atau 65,78 %. Pola tanam yang dikembangkan adalah pola agroforestri yaitu percampuran antara tanaman kayu dan HHBK yang merupakan tanaman perkebunan, tanaman buah, tanaman obat dan tanaman pangan. Periode pendapatan dari tanaman HHBK ini adalah mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan. Kontribusi HHBK terhadap total pendapatan hutan rakyat adalah 67,56% (strata 1), 63,93 % (strata 2) dan 75,11 % (strata 3) sedangkan kontribusi tanaman kayu sebesar 32,44 % (strata I), 36,07 % (strata II) dan 24,89 % (strata III). Dengan demikian, kontribusi HHBK setiap tahunnya jauh lebih tinggi namun sayangnya pengembangan HHBK ini belum maksimal, padahal hasilnya masih dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Salah satu kendala pengembangan HHBK adalah aspek budidaya yang diterapkan masih belum sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur (SOP) dari Kementerian Kehutanan. Untuk itu, maka perlu upaya peningkatan HHBK salah satunya dengan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi melalui penyuluhan.Kata kunci: hutan rakyat, hasil kayu, HHBK, kontribusi, pendapatan The  contribution of  income from Non Timber Forest Product to the  agroforestry business in community forest in Tasikmalaya RegencyAbstractCommunity forests is not merely producing timbers, but also non timber forest products (NTFPs) which are even more important at several places. The objective of the research was to obtain the data with regard to the advantage of developing NTFPs from community forests and its contribution to income of farmer. This study was conducted at Karyamukti village, Parungponteng Sub-district, Tasikmalaya District from June to December 2013. Thirty forest farmers were selected by stratified random sampling technique based on the size of forest ownership. Questioners were used to support interviews during data collection activities. Collected data were statistically analyzed and presented descriptively. The result showed that respondents own land areas averagely 0.374 ha whereas 0.246 ha or 65.78 % of them were utilized for community forest business. The developed planting system was agroforestry i.e. mixing the timber plants with NTFP plants such as estate, fruity, medicinal, and food plants. The period income gained from NTFP could be weekly, monthly, and annually. Income contributions of NTFPs to total income from farm forest were 67.56 % (level 1), 63.93 % (level 2) and 75.11 % (level 3), while the income contributions of timbers were only 32.44 % (level 1), 36.07 % (level 2), and 24.89 % (level 3). The annual income contribution of NTFPs, therefore, was higher than the one from timbers. The contribution, actually, could be increased if the NTFPs were developed seriously. One constrain in the NTFPs development was the silviculture technique operated by farmers, which did not follow the standard operational procedure (SOP) issued by The Ministry of Agriculture. Based on that condition, efforts to improve NTFPs development by transferring the knowledge and technology through extension are urgently required.