Optimization of pancreatic islet isolation from rat and evaluation of islet protective potential of a saponin isolated from fruits of Momordica dioica

Abstract

Pancreatic islet β-cell destruction in type I diabetes mellitus is prominent, and there may not be any better drug if one can stimulate the regeneration/protection of islet. The objective of this study is to isolate the islet and evaluation of the protective potential of the isolated islet of a saponin. The extraction and isolation of saponin Momordica dioica (SMD) were done, and purification was achieved through the fractional method of thin liquid chromatography that yielded a pure saponin and was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Fourier transmission infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The best optimized method for the isolation of rat pancreatic islets, islet viability, potential, insulin secretion, and intra-islet contents was performed, and also, the insulin assay protective properties were assessed. The most optimum method was found to be the pancreas mincing and Collagenase Type XI digestion followed by cell straining (500μm), Ficoll gradient centrifugation and cell straining (70μm). Glucose stimulated insulin secretion showed the islets secreted insulin in a dose dependent manner with respect to the different concentrations of glucose compared with their respective group indicating its functionality. MDA and NO results in STZ and high glucose conditions help in establishing the beta cell protective activity of Saponin Momordica dioica. All of these results are a promising signs of the diabetes patients.