The proteinuria-lowering effects of dapagliflozin are associated with an initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Aim: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin (DAPA) reduced albuminuria and slowed down the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the DAPA-CKD trial. However, proteinuria (albuminuria) does not necessarily decrease in all patients in real-world clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of patients with CKD and decreased proteinuria in response to DAPA treatment. Methods: Of 106 patients with CKD, 54 patients were finally included who received 10 mg of DAPA once daily. Patients whose urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) decreased by >30% or ≤30% from baseline after 1 month of treatment were defined as responders and non-responders, respectively. Results: At baseline, median eGFR and UPCR were 45.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range [IQR], 29.7, 54.6) and 1.09 g/gCr (IQR, 0.52, 1.91), respectively. After 1 month of treatment, the mean decline in eGFR and reduction in UPCR was 6.5% (standard deviation [SD], 7.2%) and 6.6% (SD, 42.1%) from baseline, respectively. Moreover, the blood pressure, eGFR, and uric acid decreased significantly from baseline, but haemoglobin and serum potassium did not change. The median UPCR decreased significantly in patients with UPCR ≥0.5 g/gCr, but not <0.5 g/gCr at baseline. UPCR responders had a greater initial decline in eGFR at 1 month than non-responders. Conclusion: The percent changes in UPCR were positively associated with the initial decline rate in eGFR in patients with CKD with a UPCR ≥0.5 g/gCr at baseline after 1 month of DAPA treatment.