Combined light microscopy and attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for integration of biofilm structure, distribution, and chemistry at solid-liquid interfaces

Abstract

Reflected differential interference contrast microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to obtain complementary data on the structural and chemical properties of a biofilm. This information was obtained nondestructively, quasisimultaneously, and in real time, thereby permitting the verification of time-dependent relationships between the biofilm's population structure, distribution; and interfacial chemistry. The approach offers opportunities to examine these relationships on a variety of substrata in the presence of a bulk aqueous phase under controlled hydrodynamic conditions.