Colistin-Conjugated Selenium Nanoparticles: A Dual-Action Strategy Against Drug-Resistant Infections and Cancer

Abstract

Background/Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and therapy-resistant cancer cells represent major clinical challenges, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This study explores the use of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and colistin-conjugated selenium nanoparticles (Col-SeNPs) as a dual-function nanotherapeutic against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antifungal-drug-resistant Candida spp., and human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Methods: SeNPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming their nanoscale morphology, purity, and stability. Results: The antimicrobial activity of SeNPs and Col-SeNPs was assessed based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial viability assays. Col-SeNPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa, along with significant downregulation of the mexY efflux pump gene, which is associated with colistin resistance. Additionally, Col-SeNPs demonstrated superior antifungal activity against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei compared to SeNPs alone. The anticancer potential of Col-SeNPs was evaluated in MCF-7 cells using the MTT assay, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity through apoptosis and oxidative stress pathways. Although MCF-7 is not inherently drug-resistant, this model was used to explore the potential of Col-SeNPs in overcoming resistance mechanisms commonly encountered in cancer therapy. Conclusions: these findings support the promise of Col-SeNPs as a novel approach for addressing both antimicrobial resistance and cancer treatment challenges. Further in vivo studies, including pharmacokinetics and combination therapies, are warranted to advance clinical translation.