Impact of Biologics Initiation on Oral Corticosteroid Use in the International Severe Asthma Registry and the Optimum Patient Care Research Database: A Pooled Analysis of Real-World Data

Abstract

Background: For severe asthma (SA) management, real-world evidence on the effects of biologic therapies in reducing the burden of oral corticosteroid (OCS) use is limited. Objective: To estimate the efficacy of biologic initiation on total OCS (TOCS) exposure in patients with SA from real-world specialist and primary care settings. Methods: From the International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR, specialist care) and the Optimum Patient Care Research Database (OPCRD, primary care, United Kingdom), adult biologic initiators were identified and propensity score-matched with non-initiators (ISAR, 1:1; OPCRD, 1:2). The impact of biologic initiation on TOCS (including bursts for exacerbations) daily dose in the first- and second-year follow-up period was estimated using multivariable generalized linear models. Results: Among 5,663 patients (ISAR 48%, OPCRD 52%), the odds ratios (ORs) of biologic initiators achieving TOCS cessation in the first and second years of follow-up were 2.38 (95% CI, 1.87-3.04) and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.65-2.70), whereas the ORs of low (0- to 5-mg) TOCS intake were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.40-1.86) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.21-1.61), respectively. Compared with non-initiators, biologic initiators had a substantially higher chance of achieving greater than 75% reduction from baseline (OR [95% CI] = 2.35 [2.06-2.68] and 1.53 [1.35-1.73] in first and second years, respectively). These findings remained persistent and robust when analyses were repeated with one country setting removed at a time. Conclusions: Biologic initiation in patients with SA led to substantial reduction in TOCS exposure, particularly in the first year. Future analyses will explore the impact on OCS-related adverse health events.