Exploring student perspectives on asynchronous online learning and generative ai for educational innovation in higher education

Abstract

The rapid growth of asynchronous online learning and the emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) present both opportunities and challenges for higher education. This study explores students’ perspectives on these two phenomena as a basis for developing educational innovations. A mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design was employed, involving 193 university students in Indonesia. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire that was validated through face validity by a language expert and content validity using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students hold positive perceptions of asynchronous online learning and the use of GenAI, with the highest scores recorded for LMS access, ethical awareness, and expectations for GenAI integration into formal learning systems. Correlational analyses indicate significant relationships between the use of GenAI and the enhancement of critical thinking, creativity, and ethical awareness. Thematic analysis reinforces these findings, highlighting four major themes: GenAI as a tool for understanding learning materials, a driver of critical and creative thinking, the importance of ethical boundaries, and integration into LMS platforms. This study provides empirical evidence that GenAI has the potential to strengthen educational innovation in asynchronous online learning when used in a balanced manner. Its integration should be directed toward fostering 21st century skills particularly critical thinking and creativity while maintaining academic integrity as a cornerstone of higher education. Furthermore, the study contributes valuable insights for policymakers and educators in designing ethical and sustainable strategies for integrating GenAI into higher education.