A Review on Hybrid Electrical Vehicles: Architectures, Classification and Energy Management

Abstract

The developing environmental effects caused by automobiles are increasingly becoming a pressing social concern. In order to address these challenges and prevent the adoption of less desirable alternative technologies, the automobile industry must implement and introduce Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs) and Electrical Vehicles (EVs). EVs enable us to achieve a completely clean service with a 100% cleanliness rating. However, it is constrained by infrastructure limits and faces challenges related to its limited driving range. In order to surmount this challenge, we require the implementation of a hybrid system. A HEV is an aesthetically pleasing alternative to the conventional Internal Combustion (IC) engine-powered vehicle system, effectively mitigating the issues arising from emissions. It offers an effective option for addressing infrastructure limitations and reducing operating expenses. HEV, short for hybrid electrical car, is a fusion of an internal combustion engine car and an electrical vehicle. While internal combustion engine vehicles are powered by fuel, electrical vehicles are propelled by an electric motor. In a HEV, the Electrical Motor (EM) is linked to a rechargeable battery pack, enabling electrical motor propulsion. Simultaneously, a HEV utilizes both engines to enhance power and torque, or alternatively, relies on either one depending on the driving conditions. This paper gives a review on hybrid electrical vehicles and explains architectures, classification and energy management.