LGBTQ+ Youth Identity Disclosure Processes: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Disclosure, as a complex social process, profoundly influences the well-being of LGBTQ + youth. This study, guided by the disclosure process model, systematically reviews and synthesizes LGBTQ + youth disclosure literature, considering it as a developmental, multi-component process across various contexts. After screening 5,433 articles, 29 studies were identified, focusing on identity-disclosure processes among LGBTQ + youth aged 26 or younger. These studies were scrutinized for disclosure process components, individual and contextual factors shaping disclosure, and potential bias. Findings reveal a predominant focus on avoidance goals (e.g., fear of rejection, LGBTQ + stigma) rather than approach goals (e.g., seeking belonging, authenticity) in studies examining the disclosure decision-making process. Reactions to disclosures were often mixed, initially leaning negative but evolving positively over time. Mental health emerged as the most studied outcome of disclosure. Additionally, disclosure processes were shaped by disclosure recipients, social context, and cultural beliefs. In conclusion, research on LGBTQ + youth disclosure is advancing and evolving, with increasing attention to disclosure goals and outcomes. Rather than viewing disclosure as a singular event, this review underscores LGBTQ + youth identity disclosure as a complex, developmental process extending over time and across diverse contexts.