Social and economic factors in the nutrition of the elderly

Abstract

Surveys of the elderly have revealed little primary subnutrition due to lack of funds. Those who have minimum incomes have to rely on cheaper foods which, although not necessarily of lower nutritional value, tend to produce a monotonous diet. They are also more vulnerable to rapid increases in food prices and will have little financial reserve for other than the basic necessities of living. Poverty may occur if there is undue pride or ignorance of the financial help which is available. Food fads and inherited faulty dietary advice may lead to poor nutrition. Men more than 75 yr old and who live alone are the most likely to have poorer nutrition. A poor state of dentition may not be related to poor nutrition but the diet is likely to be monotonous. Subnutrition in the elderly is usually one facet of multiple pathology which includes physical and mental illness or disability, loneliness, social isolation and bereavement. Relatives play an important part in caring for the elderly at home. The ability of elderly people to maintain adequate standards of nutrition may be threatened by a drop in income at the time of retirement, and if they outlive their savings. The number of 'preparation for retirement' courses should be increased, as should meals on wheels services and lunch clubs. More extensive use should be made of dietitians, health visitors, and social workers as members of community health teams, alongside general practitioners.