Toxicity of tellurium and its compounds

Abstract

Tellurium (Te) is widely used in industry because of its unique physicochemical properties. In the general population, foodstuff like meat, dairy products, and cereals is the major source of tellurium exposure. In the occupational environment, inhalational exposure predominates. Due to its exceptional properties as a metalloid, Te is broadly used in the industry. For example, Te is used as an alloy for solar panels, phase change optical magnetic disks, and Peltier devices. Recently, alloys of Te with cadmium, zinc, and other metals are used for nanomaterials, such as quantum dots. Thus, it is suggested that there is an existence of risk of exposure to Te in everyday life. Commercial Te is mostly obtained from slimes of electrolytic copper refineries. Te concentration in the slimes can extend up to 10% or more. Slight levels of its organic compounds may also be absorbed via skin. Not much information is available to prove Te as carcinogenic but its toxicity is well established. The present paper will review the toxicity of Te and its compounds.