Metabolic diversity and in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of some varieties of Mangifera indica L. fruits

Abstract

Mango fruits from different varieties vary in aroma and taste. In this study, methanol extracts of fruit pulps obtained from seven Indian varieties of Mangifera indica (Amrapali, Fazli, Golapkhas, Gopalbhog, Himsagar, Langra, and Mohanbhog) were profiled using a metabolomics approach. Chemometric methods were used to understand the contribution of metabolites to varietal differences. The extracts were also assayed for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities in vitro. All the pulp extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC to detect their metabolites. In sum, 63 metabolites were identified. The varieties were distinctly different chemically in terms of the identified metabolites, as revealed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). From the biplot and VIP scores, it was observed that in addition to some organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and phenolic constituents (e.g., benzene-1,2,4-triol, mangiferin, and pyrogallol) contributed to this variation. All the varieties also inhibited pancreatic lipase in a dose-dependent manner. Gallic acid (IC50 value 0.47 nM) and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (IC50 value 1.15 nM) showed high anti-lipase activity. Three amino acids (L-proline (IC50 value 0.01 µM), L-alanine (IC50 value 0.14 µM) and aspartic acid (IC50 value 0.02 µM)), and the inorganic acid phosphoric acid (0.02 µM) also showed activity against pancreatic lipase.