Rendimento de grãos de soja em função de sistemas de plantio e irrigação por superfície em planossolos

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of planting systems and supplementary border irrigation on soybean yield in areas of a compacted layer in the soil subsurface. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement, with four replicates, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiment 1 was performed in Santa Maria, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons; and experiment 2 in Formigueiro, in the 2013/2014 crop season. The treatments consisted of factors A and D. Factor A considered the following planting systems: A1, sowing using double disks; A2, sowing using notched disks; A3, sowing using shanks; A4, sowing using shanks and soil accommodation mechanism; A5, raised bed system; and A6, deep tillage and sowing using double disks. Factor D consisted of irrigated or nonirrigated treatments. In the 2014/2015 growing season, factor A4 was changed using a shank at 5 cm from the seeding line. Experiment 2 consisted only of factor A of experiment 1, without the raised bed system. The systems with deep tillage and sowing using a shank provide higher soybean grain yield. Irrigation at soil moisture conditions lower than 60% of field capacity increases soybean grain yield.