Analysis of incompatibility barriers during cross-pollinations among Phaseolus L. and other leguminous plants

Abstract

Plant breeding is intended to seek for ways of realizing a genetic structure adapted to criteria and population needs. In this context, cross-pollinations are for great interest. They offer the means of creating a wide genotypic variability. However, a limited number of species are able to undergo hybridization studies. In Phaseolus L., improvement can be envisioned by either exploiting the primary genetic pool of the species, or the genetic variability of other species. In fact, there are wild or wild-like species more resistant to stresses or diseases than the cultivated ones. The methods of embryo rescues facilitate the interspecific crosses and contribute to exploiting the available genetic diversity within plant germplasm. Difficulties related to obtaining hybrids in grain legumes, and Phaseolus L. in particular, are reported in this research. It is possible to avoid the incompatibility barriers based on their appearance time. When they are pre-zygotic, the use of growth regulators during pollination is recommended. The in vitro explants culture is the most usual method to overcome the post-zygotic barriers. The mechanisms leading to abortion of hybrid embryos, as well as adequate methods to overcome the interspecific incompatibilities should be subjected to further studies.Keywords: Abortion, hybridization, interspecific barriers, Phaseolus L., plant embryos.