Sensory irritation due to methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate in mice

Abstract

The expiratory bradypnoea indicative of upper airway irritation in mice was evaluated during a period of 60 min of nasal exposure to methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate vapors using nose only exposure. Irritation of the upper respiratory tract caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the respiratory rate. The maximum effect occurred within the first 10 min of exposure and was followed by a drop-off in the response during the remainder of the exposure period. The airborne concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate of mice (RD50) was calculated for each chemical. The results show that the four chemicals had similar irritant potencies. The RD50 values of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isopropyl-2-cyanoacrylate and 2-methoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate were 1.4, 0.7, 0.6 and 1.0 p.p.m. Tentative estimates of threshold limit values showed that 0.1 RD50 was closer to the values recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for methyl- and ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate than 0.03 RD50. On the basis of a threshold limit value for short-term exposure limit (TLV STEL) equal to 0.1 RD50, the TLV STELs for the four cyanoacrylates should not exceed 0.1 or 0.2 p.p.m.