In Vitro, Molecular Docking, and Meta-analysis Studies of Screening Antidiabetic Bioactive Compounds from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to insulin function insufficiency. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of flower extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract in producing antidiabetic compounds. The inhibition of roselle flower extract on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme was carried out in vitro. Molecular docking was also carried out to bind ligands derived from roselle flower extract's secondary metabolites to the alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. Based on molecular docking, models have negative binding energies suggesting those ligands make a complex to the site receptor. Kaemferol-3-O-rutinoside and tiliroside become the most stable complex based on the lowest energy score of –9.5 and –8.1 kcal/mol for alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, respectively. The highest antidiabetic activity was obtained at a 100 ppm roselle flower ethanol extract and distilled water with an inhibition value of 100.00 and 99.25%, respectively. The alpha-amylase inhibiting test, using a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, had an inhibitory activity of 41.77%. The in vitro assessment was conducted using the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis study showed that roselle flower extract could reduce glucose levels in fasting rats better than negative controls (diabetic rats) by 61% than those not given the roselle flower extract.