Digital fingerprinting based on quaternion encryption scheme for gray-tone images

Abstract

In this paper a new idea of digital images finger-printing is proposed. The method is based on quaternion encryption in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode. Quaternions are hyper-complex numbers of rank 4 and thus often applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. The encryption algorithm described in the paper is designed for graytone images but can easily be adopted for color ones. For the encryption purpose, the algorithm uses the rotation of data vectors presented as quaternions in a three-dimensional space around another quaternion (key). On the receiver's side, a small amount of unnoticeable by human eye errors occurs in the decrypted images. These errors are used as a user's digital fingerprint for the purpose of traitor tracing in case of copyright violation. A computer-based simulation was performed to scrutinize the potential presented quaternion encryption scheme for the implementation of digital fingerprinting. The obtained results are shown at the end of this paper.