Revision sistematica del genero Anchitherium Meyer 1834 (Equidae; Perissodactyla) en Espana

Abstract

A systematic revision of the genus Anchitherium Meyer 1834 is made in this paper. In Spain Anchitherium is registered by the first time at MN 3 zone and survives until the MN 9 zone. The results obtained from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spanish material lead us to propose several species throughout the cronological distribution of the genus in Spain. We recognize A. aurelianense Cuvier 1825 de Bunol (Velencia; MN 4), Alto de Ballester 1 (Teruel; MN 3) which it is the oldest record of this genus in Spain; A. sampelayoi Villalta y Crusafont 1945 from Nombrevilla I (Zaragoza; MN 9); A. corcolense Inigo 1997 from Corcoles (Guadalajara; MN 4); A. castellanum sp. nov. from La Retama (Cuenca; MN 4); A. matritense sp. nov. from Pte. de Vallecas, Estacion Imperial, Puente de Toledo, La Fuentecilla (Madrid; MN 5) and La Cisterniga (Valladolid; MN 7/8); A. alberdiae sp. nov. from Paseo de las Acacias, and probably from PAR-Penuelas and La Hidroelectrica (all sites from Madrid; MN 5); A. cursor sp. nov. from Alhambra-Tuneles (Madrid; MN 6) and Arrroyo del Olivar (Madrid; MN 5); A. procerum sp. nov. from Paracuellos V (Madrid; MN 6); and A. parequinum sp. nov. from El Terrero and Valdemoros 11 (Zaragoza; MN 5). The A. osmundseni Crusafont y Golpe 1971 holotype is assigned to Chalicotherium grande Blainville 1849, and thus it is declared nomen nudum; A. ezquerrae Meyer 1844 from Cerro de San Issidro (Madrid; MN 5) is restricted tote scarce sample that V. Meyer used to define the species. The material from Paracuellos III (Madrid; MN 6), Montejo de la Vega (Segovia, MN 7/8), La Barranca and Arroyo del Val (Zaragoza; MN 6), Cerro del Otero (Palencia; MN 7/8) and the large anquiteriine from La Cisterniga (Valladolid; MN 7/8), have not been assigned to any of the proposed species, and remain as Anchitherium sp. We further propose the existence of two distinct lineages that enlarge independently the size of the jugal dentition.