Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control in Children and Young Adults after Kidney Transplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) is the preferred method to characterize BP status, and its use in kidney transplant recipients is increasing. Data on longitudinal ambulatory BP (ABP) trends in pediatric and young adult kidney transplant recipients are limited. METHODS Retrospective review of a large cohort of children and young adults following kidney transplantation and evaluation of their ABP status over time and its associations with any patient and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Two hundred and two patients had baseline ABPM available for analysis, and 123 of them had a follow up (median time 2.3 years) ABPM. At the time of follow up, more patients were treated for hypertension (80% vs. 72%, P = 0.02), and less patients had ambulatory hypertension (36% vs. 54%, P = 0.005), uncontrolled or untreated, compared with baseline, with 45% of all patients classified as having controlled hypertension (compared to 26% at baseline, P = 0.002). Prevalence of ambulatory hypertension decreased only in patients who were less than 18 years old at baseline. High baseline mean 24-hour systolic BP was independently associated with persistent hypertension. CONCLUSIONS In young kidney transplant recipients followed by ABPM, the prevalence of ambulatory hypertension decreases over time, mainly due to the increased number of patients with controlled hypertension.