Studi Kritis Pemikiran Politik Ali Abdul Raziq

Abstract

This paper examines the political thought of Ali Abdul Raziq, a Egyptian Muslim figure. His political idea convinces a controversy between Muslim and Western scholars. Back in his country, he is opposed by a number of Muslim scholars because his thought bothered some parties. His idea, particularly arguing that politic and religion are indeed two different things; politic is substantially khilaf> ah, qada} ’ and governmental task maĴers which derived from mundane perspectives, while religion, in the other hands underlies merely the issue of Muslim faith. His thought is highly appreciated by Westerners and even considered as a crucial progress of politic in Islam. Antony Black, for instance. He praised Ali as the revolutionist. In spite of it, it is crucial for readers to realize that the essence of argument given by Ali is anemic and contrast to Islam. Therefore, it is a need to examine Ali’s political discussion with further empirical evidences. After examining his work, researcher finds at least there are four fundamental arguments influencing his thought. First, the absence of hujjah syar’iyyah that upholds the concept imamate. Second, the concept of khila>fah is not required by Muslims. Third, the treatise accomplished by Prophet Muhammad is purely based on religious aspect. And the last, politic is an independent concept that should be drifted apart from religious elements. Consequently, Ali’s bias toward secularism is clear; particularly in his approval separating state from any religion institutions. This assumption is also built up by the fact that he was a student of two orientalists, Mallino and Sentillana, who taught him during his study at the University of Egypt (al-Ja>mi’ah al-Mis}riyyah).