Development of integrated transit-fare card system in the seoul metropolitan area

Abstract

Urban traffic congestion is one of the most serious problems in many large cities of the world. The traffic demand management is the most practicable countermeasure, and the role of urban transit is increasing. The electronic fare card system can enhance the service quality of transit in terms of users' convenience and the speed of operation. In addition, the importance of the inter-modal transit service is increasing, and the fare system between two different modes of transportation is a crucial issue. The city of Seoul in South Korea has recently introduced the integrated transit-fare card system, corresponding to the reform of the urban bus system. This paper focuses on the basic architecture of the fare card system. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.