Rethinking cancer evolution: from genetic mutations to complex information systems in tumor reversion

Abstract

Cancer research has historically focused on the somatic mutation theory, viewing cancer as a consequence of genetic mutations. However, this perspective has limitations in explaining phenomena like tumor reversion and cancer heterogeneity. This paper introduces an alternative approach: viewing cancer as a complex information-processing system shaped by its microenvironment. By integrating historical data on tumor reversion and insights into evolutionary dynamics, I propose a reframing of cancer biology. This process-oriented perspective highlights the role of cellular plasticity and adaptive behaviors, offering new pathways for therapeutic development.