Innovative techniques for improving microbial enzyme production

Abstract

Enzymes are biocatalysts which have a central role in the biochemical, physiological, and metabolic functioning of all the organisms from micro to macro level. These catalytic proteins or metalloproteins have wonderful applications in a number of processes for conversion of substrates to useful products and are used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, food and beverage, and other industries. Different sources of these enzymes have been explored for commercial production. The reservoir of microbial world has not been investigated to a greater extent. The microorganisms have proved as an effective source of these industrially important enzymes. The reason for exploring enzymes from microorganisms is their stability at different physiological conditions like high and low temperature, pH, salinity, and others like high catalytic activity and ease of standardization and production. In recent times, the enhancement of production of these microbial enzymes can be achieved using different genetic modulatory methodologies, physiological parameter redesigning, and protein bioengineering. These techniques are the focus of researchers for industrial-friendly hyperproduction of microbial enzymes for generating various formulations.