Device-Free Human Activity Recognition Based on GMM-HMM Using Channel State Information

Abstract

This paper presents a machine learning method, Gaussian Mixture Hidden Markov Model (GMM-HMM), for device-free activity recognition using WiFi channel state information (CSI). The basic concept of CSI is introduced and signal changes caused by human activity are described, which demonstrates that human activity can be identified using a unique mapping between action and signal variations. The phase difference expanded matrix is built by the mean and standard deviation of phase difference as feature matrix after linear correction and Savitzky-Golay filter is performed on the CSI raw phase information. The GMM-HMM is used for classification as the human activity can be modeled as the Markov process and the complex activity patterns can be fitted by multiple Gaussian density functions, respectively. The proposed system is verified on the self-collected datasets and several factors affecting the recognition accuracy are analyzed. Furthermore, the system has compared with the previous work. High accuracy and robustness in universal scenarios are realized. Experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of the proposed system is over 97%.