A major histocompatibility complex class II restriction for BioBreeding/Worcester diabetes-inducing T cells

Abstract

Inbred diabetes-prone (DP) BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/Wor) (RT1(u)) rats develop spontaneous autoimmune diabetes, which, like human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes. Breeding studies have shown all absolute requirement for at least one copy of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) RT1(u) haplotype for spontaneous diabetes expression. Concanavalin A-activated spleen cells from acutely diabetic DP rats adoptively transfer diabetes only to recipients that express at least one RT1(u) haplotype. To investigate the basis for the MHC requirement in BB/Wor autoimmunity, diabetes-inducing T cell lines were derived from the spleens of acutely diabetic DP rats. Upon activation in vitro with islet cells, the T cell lines adoptively transfer insulitis and diabetes into young DP recipients and non-diabetes prone RT1 congenic rat strains that are class II(u). Recipients that are RT1(u) at only the class I A or C locus, but not at the class II B/D loci, do not develop diabetes after T cell transfer. The adoptive transfer of diabetes by Concanavalin A- activated diabetic DP spleen cells also requires that donor and recipient share class II B/D(u) gene products. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of diabetes into MHC class II(u) congenic rats is independent of the class I haplotype; i.e., it occurs in the presence of class I Aa C(u) or A(u) Ca gene products. BB/Wor T cells can be activated in vitro for the transfer of diabetes with islet cell antigens and class II-positive but not class II(u)- negative antigen-presenting cells. The inductive phase of BB diabetes is therefore MHC class II restricted, and this appears to operate at the level of interaction between inducing T cells and class II(u) antigen-presenting cells. These results may explain the well-documented, but not yet understood, MHC class II genetic contribution to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus pathogenesis, and they may facilitate the development of protocols designed to prevent diabetes onset in susceptible individuals.