Lignin-derived bionanocomposites as functional food packaging materials

Abstract

Harnessing lignin, which is the second most abundant biopolymer and is cost-effective, biocompatible, and nontoxic, could be a promising alternative to conventional food packaging materials. Each year, millions of tons of lignin are produced, and it is commonly used as a low-value fuel by being burned. However, this inexpensive and abundant bioresource biomass has the potential to be utilized as food packaging materials. It is crucial to explore lignin-based renewable resources to facilitate the shift towards an environmentally friendly materials circular economy. Recent research has shown that lignin-based materials possess excellent anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties, in addition to good mechanical and antiviral properties, UV light barrier, and enhanced thermal properties, making them suitable candidates for use as food packaging materials. This study aims to provide current perspectives on the use of lignin based materials for food packaging applications. The article provides a critical analysis of the physicochemical characteristics, processing techniques, and extraction and structural features of lignin from various sources as well as its derived materials. Additionally, it outlines the latest trends in converting lignin into lignin nanoparticles. This comprehensive review concludes with future perspectives on lignin based materials for food packaging applications.