A perspective of the cumulative risks from climate change on Mt. Everest: Findings from the 2019 expedition

Abstract

In 2019, the National Geographic and Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest expedition success-fully retrieved the greatest diversity of scientific data ever from the mountain. The confluence of geologic, hydrologic, chemical and microbial hazards emergent as climate change increases glacier melt is significant. We review the findings of increased opportunity for landslides, water pollution, human waste contamination and earthquake events. Further monitoring and policy are needed to ensure the safety of residents, future climbers, and trekkers in the Mt. Everest watershed.