Impact of acute exercise on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid status in blood of patients with hypertension

Abstract

Background/Aim. Many studies support the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenic process of a variety of diseases including hypertension. In humans, hypertension is also considered a state of oxidative stress that can contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis and other hypertension-induced organ damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate an influence of acute physical exercise on antioxidative enzymes activity and lipid status in patients with hypertension. Methods. Fourty patients with hypertension and 20 age-matched controls were included in the study. To assess an influence of acute exercise on lipids and antioxidative enzymes activity the following parameters were determined at rest and immediately after the acute cardiopulmonary exercise cycloergometer test: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low density cholesterol (LDL), oxidised LDL cholesterol (OxLDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). Results. In basal condition, hypertensive patients compared to the control group had increased, but not significantly, level of Ox LDL (88.61±14.06 vs 79.00±29.26 mmol/L), PAI (3.06±0.56 vs 2.6±0.35 U/mL) and activity of GSH-Px (50.22±15.20 vs 44.63±13.73 U/g Hb). After acute exercise test, there was significantly greater level of Ox LDL (79.0±29.26 vs 89.3±29.07 mmol/L; p < 0.05) only in the control group. GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased only in hypertensive patients after acute exercise (50.22±15.2 vs 42.82±13.42 U/g Hb; p < 0.05), but not in the controls. Conclusion. No significantly elevated Ox LDL, GSH-Px and PAI-1 levels were found in hypertensive patients during basal condition in comparison with healthy subjects. Decreased GSH-Px activity was associated with those in acute exercise only in hypertensive patients. It could be an important indicator of deficiency of physiological antioxidative defense mechanism in hypertensive patients during an acute exercise.