Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Cycle and Water Availability in India

Abstract

Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas levels, has profound regional consequences. Key impacts include shifts in the hydrological cycle, altered water availability, changes in agricultural production, and shifts in energy usage. A warming climate intensifies the hydrological cycle, increasing evaporation and liquid precipitation rates. These changes, combined with shifting precipitation patterns, disrupt water distribution, impacting runoff, soil moisture, and groundwater. This can lead to more frequent droughts and floods. By 2025, most of India’s irrigated areas are expected to require more water, with global irrigation needs increasing by 3.5-5% by 2025 and 6-8% by 2075. To address these challenges, balanced assessment of climate scenarios is essential. Accurate appraisal of India’s water resources is critical for sustainable planning, development, and utilization. A focused examination of regional agricultural systems is needed to identify adaptation options for climate-induced changes.