Analysis of energy consumption and data delivery delay in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Environmental disasters such as landslide, earth quake and water flooding may occur at time without any prior notification. It is very much needed to protect the residential areas from these sudden disasters, due to change in environment conditions. In such situation,losses may be minimized by using systems which can work fast in communicating the information without any delay. This paper addresses a technique using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which can act fast in communicating the information with minimum delay. Wireless Sensor nodes are most helpful module to protect ourselves from environmental disasters. Sensor nodes are deployed nearer to the physical location where the disaster event occurs. Monitoring take place from the base station, which is placed at a remote place. It is needed that the data packets are received by pre determined time with minimum time delay and increasing life time of sensor nodes. Most of the time, energy is consumed by the sensor module device, when the sensor node is on all the time even when no event occurs, keeping unnecessarily the sensor node waits till receiving the data packets from the event. Considering minimization of energy consumption,which is being done by turning-on the sensor node in sleep mode through MAC (Medium Access Control) operation. When no event occurs for a long time at disaster happening areas, immediately the sensor node goes to constant sleep mode, which leads to delaying of data packets, even though the WSNs adapting IEEE 802.15.4 standard of MAC protocol. To counter these draw backs of energy consumption and delay, instead of using MAC protocol the opportunistic routing technique, especially any cast protocols is used along with a high node density in this paper. This paper also discusses on the analytical model of the wireless sensor networks deployed in the disaster location and the analysis of trade-off between energy and its delay are done, by considering the optimum value of time period in both active and sleep mode of operation of the wireless sensor nodes.