TADBIR URUS WAKAF DI PAHANG: POTENSI DAN CABARAN

Abstract

Waqf is an Islamic economic instrument with great potential in the socio-economic development of the Muslim community. In Malaysia, the management of waqf falls under the jurisdiction of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs), including in the state of Pahang, which is managed by the Pahang Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MUIP). Despite various efforts to strengthen waqf institutions, issues such as transparency, administrative efficiency, limited human resources, and imbalanced development of waqf assets remain significant challenges. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore waqf governance in Pahang, managed by MUIP. The main focus of the study is to identify the potentials that can be harnessed through systematic waqf management and the challenges faced in ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of waqf in Pahang. This study adopts a qualitative approach through interviews and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that MUIP has integrated the functions of waqf, baitulmal, and investment within a single administration to strengthen financial resources and waqf asset management. Among the main potentials identified are the use of online system technology for cash waqf collection, user-friendly approaches, flexible governance structures and the establishment of the Pahang Waqf Enactment 2022 (Enactment 29). However, several challenges persist, including a lack of skilled human resources, limited funding, legal constraints, and difficulties in developing non-strategic waqf lands. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the institutional capacity of waqf, implement waqf education among the public and evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies. This study is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, researchers and practitioners in shaping a sustainable and inclusive waqf governance ecosystem in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Pahang. Wakaf merupakan instrumen ekonomi Islam yang berpotensi besar dalam pembangunan sosioekonomi umat Islam. Di Malaysia, pengurusan wakaf tertakluk di bawah kuasa Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN), termasuklah di negeri Pahang yang dikendalikan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Walaupun pelbagai usaha telah dilakukan bagi memperkasakan institusi wakaf, isu ketelusan, kecekapan pentadbiran, kekangan sumber manusia serta ketidakseimbangan pembangunan aset wakaf masih menjadi cabaran utama. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka tadbir urus wakaf di Pahang yang diuruskan oleh Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang (MUIP). Fokus utama kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti potensi yang boleh dimanfaatkan melalui pengurusan wakaf secara sistematik serta cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dalam memastikan keberkesanan dan kelestarian wakaf di Pahang. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual dan analisis dokumen. Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa MUIP telah mengintegrasikan fungsi wakaf, baitulmal dan pelaburan dalam satu pentadbiran bagi memperkukuh sumber kewangan dan pengurusan aset wakaf. Antara potensi utama yang dikenal pasti ialah penggunaan teknologi sistem dalam talian untuk kutipan wakaf tunai, pendekatan mesra pengguna, struktur tadbir urus yang fleksibel dan penubuhan Enakmen Wakaf Pahang 2022 (Enakmen 29). Namun begitu, beberapa cabaran turut wujud, termasuk kekurangan sumber manusia berkemahiran, keterbatasan dana, kekangan perundangan dan kesukaran membangunkan tanah wakaf yang tidak strategik. Oleh itu, pemerkasaan kapasiti institusi wakaf, pelaksanaan pendidikan wakaf dalam kalangan masyarakat, serta penilaian keberkesanan dasar sedia ada perlu diberi penekanan. Kajian ini diharap dapat menjadi rujukan kepada penggubal dasar, pengkaji dan pengamal dalam membentuk ekosistem pengurusan wakaf yang mampan dan inklusif di Malaysia, khususnya di negeri Pahang.