Client predictors of dropouts and outcomes in psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: an exploratory study

Abstract

This study is a secondary analysis exploring client predictors of dropouts and outcomes in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Data was taken from a feasibility randomized control trial (RCT) exploring the relative efficacy of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) compared with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Relationships between client characteristics and dropouts were explored using logistic regression analysis. Relationships between client characteristics and psychotherapy outcomes were explored using hierarchical linear regression analyses. For the full dataset (n = 58), a comorbid personality disorder predicted a higher number of dropouts. Eleven participants dropped out of therapy. Having a disability predicted less improvement in symptoms of depression and general distress. Being male-identified predicted a greater reduction in symptoms of anxiety and general distress, and comorbid agoraphobia predicted a greater reduction in symptoms of depression for the CBT condition (n = 21 completers). For the EFT condition (n = 26 completers), being older predicted greater improvements in symptoms of anxiety and comorbid panic disorder predicted a lower reduction in symptoms of depression. Caution should be taken in interpreting these findings given the small number of participants. However, they provide useful insights for the generation of hypotheses in relation to predictors of dropouts and outcomes for future studies.