Contrast: An Investigator's Basic Reference Guide to Fingerprint Identification Concepts

Abstract

2nd ed. [ch.] 1. Fingerprints in context -- 1. Introduction to fingerprints -- 2. A brief history of fingerprint identification -- [ch.] 2. Friction skin -- 1. What are fingerprints? -- A. Basic fingerprint pattern types -- B. Common friction skin characteristics -- 2. Who has friction skin? -- 3. Infant footprinting -- [ch.] 3. Friction skin classification -- 1. Fingerprint classification schemes -- 2. Palmprint/footprint classification -- [ch.] 4. Exemlar fingerprint impressions -- 1. Inked fingerprints -- 2. Live-scan technology -- [ch.] 5. Latent fingerprint development and recovery -- 1. Latent fingerprints -- 2. Powder development of latent fingerprint impressions -- 3. Recovering developed latent fingerprint impressions -- 4. Crime scene latent fingerprint search -- 5. Postmortem exemplar prints -- [ch.] 6. Special development processes and conditions -- 1. Chemical development of latent fingerprint impressions -- A. Sample list of fingerprint development chemicals -- 2. Laser/alternative light source (forensic light source) -- 3. Special conditions -- A. Firearm's -- B. Human skin -- C. Gloves -- D. Extreme weather conditions -- 4. Future of latent fingerprint development -- [ch.] 7. Latent fingerprint quality variations -- 1. Life expectancy of latent fingerprint impressions -- 2. No latent fingerprint impressions found -- 3. Fingerprints with insufficient detail for identification -- [ch.] 8. Fingerprint identification -- 1. Concepts of fingerprint identification -- A. Common friction skin characteristics -- 2. Incipient ridges -- 3. Reversals (negative fingerprint impressions) -- 4. Poroscopy, edgeology, and creases -- 5. Court presentations and qualifications -- [ch.] 9. Fingerprint fabrications, errors, and evidence -- 1. Fabrication of fingerprints and identification errors -- 2. Chain of custody -- 3. Verification by outside expert -- 4. Rates of error -- [ch.] 10. Photography, image enhancement, and color -- 1. Photography (traditional and digital) -- A. Common photographic optical filters -- 2. Videography -- 3. Color -- [ch.] 11. Computerized fingerprint databases -- 1. AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems) -- A. AFIS and IAFIS classification patterns -- [ch.] 12. Review of scientific comparison evidence -- 1. The art and science of fingerprint identification -- 2. ACE-V -- [ch.] 13. Legal courts and Dactyloscopy -- 1. Daubert protocol : scientific evidence and the expert examiner -- [ch.] 14. Training and protocol outline for 10-print and latent print examiners -- 1. Training and protocol outline for print examiners (TPO) -- 2. Training and protocol outline -- A. TPO mission -- B. Definitions reference this document -- C. Minimum formal instruction -- D. Supervised comparison training program -- E. Application of print development/contrast enhancement techniques and technologies -- F.A thorough understanding of the requirements for the admission of expert testimony and scientific evidence in specific courts and its relevancy to Dactyloscopy -- G. Update training -- H. Verification/hypothesis testing procedure -- I. Criminal case review of fingerprint identifications -- 3. TPO appendix 1 -- 4. TPO Appendix 2 -- 5. TPO Appendix 3 -- 6. T PO Appendix 4 -- Appendix A. Attenuation of fingerprint pattern types -- Appendix B. Photoluminescence and chemiluminescence -- Appendix C. Comparison of ink and computer-generated fingerprints -- Appendix D. Palmar exemplar and latent zone codes (PZ-Codes) -- Appendix E. Long-term study of friction skin ridge detail -- Glossary, abbreviated glossary of 356 fingerprint terms.