Low birthweight in twins: Black and white differences

Abstract

Washington State birth certificate data for the years 1984-1988 were analyzed for 2,804 mothers of twins in order to determine whether black mothers of twins have a higher risk of delivering a low birthweight twin infant than white mothers. Seventy four percent of black mothers of twins gave birth to an infant weighing <2500 grams (white 52.9%), while slightly less than 20% gave birth to an infant weighing <1500 grams (white 9.4%). After adjustment for maternal age, parity and marital status, the risk of black mothers giving birth to at least one twin infant <2500 grams relative to white mothers was 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.2, 1.5). When this analysis was restricted to very low birthweight babies (<1500 grams), the relative risk for infants of black mothers compared to white mothers adjusted for the same factors was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.5, 3.0). The frequency of neonatal mortality in the study population was also assessed. The overall frequency of mortality in black twin infants was double that in white twins infants. When stratified by birthweight category, the frequency was higher in white infants (30.2%) than in black infants (24.1%) weighing less than 1500 grams at birth. However, within higher birthweight categories, (≥1500 grams to < 2500 grams and > 2500 grams), relative frequencies of neonatal mortality were higher in black infants. This analysis reveals that black mothers of twins are more likely to deliver low birthweight twin infants than white mothers. The increased risk is even more pronounced in very low birthweight twin pairs. However, the additional risks for low birthweight black twin pairs and very low birthweight twin pairs found in this study are lower than the risk increase commonly reported for the respective birthweight categories in black singleton infants relative to white singleton infants. This implies that while black twin pregnancies require many of the same special antepartum considerations given to black singleton pregnancies, the increased baseline risks associated with low birthweight and very low birthweight twin deliveries offset racial disparities traditionally seen in singleton infants.