Effect of smoking on dental implant failure: A systematic review

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to determine the prognosis of implant treatment in smokers if compared to non-smokers. Data Sources: Review authors searched 3 electronic databases; Pubmed, Cochrane and Lilacs: 17/11/2018, hand searched 8 journals till December 2018, Grey Literature: 12/11/2018 and snowballing: 12/12/2018. Eligibility Criteria: Completely or partially edentulous male or female participants who are systematically healthy and who require implant supported prosthesis, whether fixed or removable, were included. Studies that compared implant treatment between smokers and non-smokers, using both delayed insertion and loading protocols were eligible. Data Collection and Analysis: Review authors extracted data relevant to PECOTS. Besides, confounders and co-interventions were collected and reported. Data was descriptive and statistically analyzed Results: Nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 6 prospective cohort studies and 3 RCTs, including 650 patients. One RCT did not mention the exact number of participants and instead the number of inserted implants was reported. Only 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Implant placement in smokers seems to be possible, in addition to periodontal therapy and strict oral hygiene that might increase the chances of success. Since the quality of evidence is low-very low, results should be taken with cautions.